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*noun*, efforts by the government to [intentionally] run a deficit in order to stimulate the economy during a recession.  Loosely associated with Keynesian economics.

According to basic economic theory, recessions occur because there is a basic mismatch between aggregate demand and potential output. One approach for solving this is for the government to buy more goods and services than it has revenues to cover, thereby creating conditions in which effective demand is greater than the stock of goods currently in business inventory (given [recessionary] prices).

Under a stimulus, the jolt of extra money in circulation creates inflation, which has the effect of lowering real prices.  Customers then respond to the {de facto} price reduction by buying more, which leads to more hiring, thence to more effective demand, thence to economic recovery.

Another reason fiscal policy stimulates the economy is [that the] [private sector] is not investing or consuming its own output.  Increased taxes would simply reduce private consumption, so those cannot be increased; but spending is increased to fill the breach.

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