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In the 1630s, during the crises that culminated in the English Civil War, 
the [Presbyterians] of Scotland dissented from both the mainstream Anglican 
view, as well as that of the rising "Puritans."  In their view, the 
Anglicans were "Catholics-minus-the-Pope," while the Puritans were 
half-crazed utopian dim-wits who wanted to create a "shining city on the 
hill" so that they could rule the City.  In declarations issued in 1638 and 
1641, these Lowland Scots issued so-called "Covenants," whereby they 
declared that they would not accept the Anglican form of Church govt (headed 
by the King), but would also not accept the Puritans' theological/political 
view.  "Covenanters"  signed their oaths in their own blood, and many wore 
red pieces of cloth or stiff, red collars to signify their identity as dissenters (thus "Red-Necks").  After the English Civil War, and then again after the Jacobite [Rebellion] of 1745, these Scots were forced to emigrate to America, and they largely settled in the South.  By the time of the [AMERICAN Civil War], the term was used to describe white [Southerners] of all theological stripes.  Interestingly, most of the English-surnamed people of the NORTH were descended from PURITANS!

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