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A demarcation framework emphasizing that science is an open system: it exchanges energy, [information], and ideas with its [environment] (society, politics, culture). Scientifically, a field is [distinguished] by its ability to receive negative feedback from external reality, to adapt, and to remain permeable to new evidence. Pseudoscience, in contrast, tends to be a closed system: it rejects external input, operates through self‑sealing arguments, and maintains boundaries against falsification. Open system demarcation focuses on systemic properties rather than content.
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