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A framework analyzing how political pressures, funding constraints, and institutional gatekeeping discourage social scientists from researching sensitive topics like inequality, corporate power, or state violence. The chilling effect can be direct (loss of funding, denial of tenure) or indirect (self-censorship to avoid controversy). It explains why certain questions are systematically understudied, why critical perspectives are marginalized, and why social science often lags behind public discourse on pressing issues. The theory reveals that the social sciences are shaped as much by fear of consequences as by intellectual curiosity.
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