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A foundational model for understanding the nature of knowledge along two fundamental dimensions. The first axis runs from A Priori Knowledge (knowledge independent of experience—math, logic, conceptual truths) to A Posteriori Knowledge (knowledge dependent on experience—empirical facts, scientific observations). The second axis runs from Propositional Knowledge (knowing that—facts, information) to Procedural Knowledge (knowing how—skills, abilities, practices). These two axes create four basic knowledge types: a priori-propositional (mathematical truths), a priori-procedural (knowing how to reason), a posteriori-propositional (scientific facts), a posteriori-procedural (knowing how to ride a bike). The model reveals that "knowledge" isn't one thing—it's a family of cognitive achievements with different sources and different forms.
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