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Ctesibius of Alexandria, was a Greek inventor and mathematician from the 3rd century BCE. He is often hailed as the father of pneumatics and a pioneer in hydraulics. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, he flourished around 285–222 BCE. His most notable contributions include advancements in hydraulic engineering and pneumatics. Ctesibius is credited with inventing the hydraulis, the earliest form of the pipe organ. He made improvements to the water clock, which for more than 1, 800 years remained as the most accurate clock yet. He is also considered the discoverer of the siphon principle.
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