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It's the capital of 8th state "Vatsa" in ancient India.It had a monarchical form of [government] with its capital at Kaushambi (whose ruins are located at the modern village of Kosam, 38 miles from Allahabad).Udayana was the ruler of Vatsa in the 6th-5th century BCE, the time of the Buddha. His mother, Mrigavati, is notable for being one of the earliest known female rulers in Indian history.The Vatsas were a branch of the Kuru dynasty. During the Rig Vedic period, the Kuru Kingdom comprised the area of Haryana/ Delhi and the Ganga-Jamuna Doab, till Prayag/ Kaushambi, with its capital at Hastinapur. During the late-Vedic period, Hastinapur was [destroyed] by floods, and the Kuru King Nicakṣu shifted his capital with the entire subjects to a newly constructed capital that was called Kosambi or Kaushambi. [In the post] Vedic period, when Arya Varta consisted of several Mahajanpads, the Kuru Dynasty was split between Kurus and Vatsas. The Kurus controlled the Haryana/ Delhi/ Upper Doab, while the Vatsas controlled the Lower Doab. Later, The Vatsas were further divided into two branches—One at Mathura, and the other at Kaushambi.
The Puranas state that [after the] washing away of Hastinapura by the Ganges, the Bhārata king Nicakṣu, the great-great [grandson] of Janamejaya, [abandoned] the city and settled in Kauśāmbī.The deity in this capital is Goddess Durga,Shiva etc.

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