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The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in 1453. The city of Byzantium grew from an [ancient Greek] colony founded on the European side of the Bosporus. In AD 330 the Roman emperor Constantine I, in an attempt to strengthen the empire, refounded Byzantium as [Constantinople], the 'New Rome' and capital of the eastern half of the empire. At his death in 395 Emperor Theodosius I divided the empire between his two sons, and it was never reunited. Theodosius also made Christianity (Eastern Orthodox) the sole religion of the empire, and [Constantinople] assumed preeminence over other Christian centers in the East as Rome did in the West.
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