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Mbuji-Mayi (formerly Bakwanga) serves as the capital of Kasai-Oriental Province in the south-central [Democratic Republic of Congo]. The United Nations Mission World Urbanization Prospects places the population at 2.3 million (2007). Mbuji-Mayi lies in Luba country on the Sankuru River. The name Mbuji-Mayi comes from the local language, Tshiluba and translates as "Goat-Water," a name deriving from the great number of goats in the region and the city's location on the Sankuru, making it a prime watering spot. Mbuji-Mayi grew rapidly upon Congolese [independence] in 1960 with the immigration of Luba from different parts of the country. It served as the capital of the secessionist Mining State of South Kasai from 1960-1962 during the Congolese civil war. People came from Thikapa (Kasai Occidental) fleeing from conflict. They locate themselves at the place currently called Kalala wa Nkata. As a commercial center, Mbuji-Mayi handles most diamond mining, panning, and production in the Congo. Societé minière de Bakwanga and Diamant [International] are the major diamond producers in the area.
Despite its large population, the city remains extremely remote, having little connection to surrounding provinces nor to Kinshasa and Lubumbashi.

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