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The biomedical discipline of growing functional, three-dimensional human tissues and organs in the lab from a patient's own cells. It's not just repairing the body; it's building spare parts for it from the ground up. Scientists use scaffolds (like biodegradable frameworks), cocktails of growth factors, and bioreactors (simulating bodily conditions) to coax cells into organizing themselves into complex structures like skin, cartilage, or even miniature livers. The goal is to bypass donor shortages and immune rejection, creating personalized biological grafts.
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