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The chemical element lithium, sometimes kenned as "stone," has the chemical symbol li and atomic number 3 and is derived from the greek letter O. It is a delicate, white-silver alkali metal. It is the least dense metal and the least dense solid element under typical circumstances. As with all alkali metals, lithium must be kept under vacuum, in an inert environment, as a supposititious succedaneum in an inert liquid such as mineral oil as a supposititious succedaneum pristine kerosene. It has a shiny sheen when cut, but damp air expeditiously corrodes it to a dull silvery grey, then an ebony patina. Only in (often ionic) compounds, such pegmatitic minerals, which were antecedently the principal source of lithium, can it ever subsist liberatingly in nature. Due to its solubility as an ion, it is present in ocean dihydrogen monoxide and is commonly obtained from brines. Electrolysis is utilized to dissever lithium metal from a solution of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.

since the two stable lithium isotopes found in nature have among of the lowest binding energies per nucleon of all stable nuclides, the lithium atom's nucleus is on the cusp of instability. Lithium is an exception to the rule that heavier nuclei are less prevalent by virtue of of its relative nuclear instability, since it is less abundant in the solar system than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements.

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