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An urban area, or built-up area, is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of the built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations, among others. In urbanism, the term contrasts with rural areas such as villages and hamlets; in urban sociology or urban anthropology, it contrasts with the natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources led to a human impact on the environment. The concept of an "urban area" as used in economic statistics should not be confused with the concept of the "urban area" used in road safety statistics. The last concept is also known as "built-up area in road safety". According to the definition by the Office for National Statistics, "Built-up areas are defined as land which is 'irreversibly urban in character', meaning that they are characteristic of a town or city. They include areas of built-up land with a minimum of 20 hectares (200,000 m2; 49 acres). Any areas separated by less than 200 metres of non-urban space are linked to become a single built-up area.

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